This morning I started to read a book on relationships. The opening chapter began with a description of a marriage which had deteriorated. The author observed, "It had not always been like this." The idea being conveyed was that a marriage was now bad, but there had been times in the past when it had been good. As I thought about this phrase, I thought, "I wonder how you would say that in Russian?" And then I began to think about clarity and ambiguity and how easy it is, in a foreign language, to either 'get the wrong end of the stick' or to fail to convey what we mean, and our hearer/reader 'gets the wrong end of the stick'. So, the translation into Russian of the phrase, "It had not always been like this," would be four words. These could be arranged in at least the following four ways (the underlined words are emphasised). Так было не всегда. It wasn't like that always . Не всегда так было. It wasn't always like th...